Monday, June 24, 2013

Biological arithmetic: Plants do sums to get through the night

June 24, 2013 ? New research shows that to prevent starvation at night, plants perform accurate arithmetic division. The calculation allows them to use up their starch reserves at a constant rate so that they run out almost precisely at dawn.

"This is the first concrete example in a fundamental biological process of such a sophisticated arithmetic calculation." said mathematical modeller Professor Martin Howard from the John Innes Centre.

Plants feed themselves during the day by using energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide into sugars and starch. Once the sun has set, they must depend on a store of starch to prevent starvation.

In research to be published in the open access journal eLife, scientists at the John Innes Centre show that plants make precise adjustments to their rate of starch consumption. These adjustments ensure that the starch store lasts until dawn even if the night comes unexpectedly early or the size of the starch store varies.

The John Innes Centre scientists show that to adjust their starch consumption so precisely they must be performing a mathematical calculation -- arithmetic division.

"The capacity to perform arithmetic calculation is vital for plant growth and productivity," said metabolic biologist Professor Alison Smith.

"Understanding how plants continue to grow in the dark could help unlock new ways to boost crop yield."

During the night, mechanisms inside the leaf measure the size of the starch store and estimate the length of time until dawn. Information about time comes from an internal clock, similar to our own body clock. The size of the starch store is then divided by the length of time until dawn to set the correct rate of starch consumption, so that, by dawn, around 95% of starch is used up.

"The calculations are precise so that plants prevent starvation but also make the most efficient use of their food," said Professor Smith.

"If the starch store is used too fast, plants will starve and stop growing during the night. If the store is used too slowly, some of it will be wasted."

The scientists used mathematical modelling to investigate how such a division calculation can be carried out inside a plant. They proposed that information about the size of the starch store and the time until dawn is encoded in the concentrations of two kinds of molecules (called S for starch and T for time). If the S molecules stimulate starch consumption, while the T molecules prevent this from happening, then the rate of starch consumption is set by the ratio of S molecules to T molecules, in other words S divided by T.

This research is funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/qb4963q8I7k/130624093524.htm

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Thursday, June 20, 2013

Spurs rely on togetherness to overcome collapse

San Antonio Spurs point guard Tony Parker (9) walks on the court during as break against the Miami Heat during the first half of Game 6 of the NBA Finals basketball game, Tuesday, June 18, 2013 in Miami. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

San Antonio Spurs point guard Tony Parker (9) walks on the court during as break against the Miami Heat during the first half of Game 6 of the NBA Finals basketball game, Tuesday, June 18, 2013 in Miami. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

San Antonio Spurs power forward Tim Duncan (21) reacts to play against the Miami Heat during the second half of Game 6 in their NBA Finals basketball series, Tuesday, June 18, 2013 in Miami. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)

San Antonio Spurs guard Manu Ginobili of Argentina listens to a questions during the post-game news conference following Game 6 of the NBA Finals basketball game against the Miami Heat, Wednesday, June 19, 2013 in Miami. The Heat defeated the Spurs 103-100. (AP Photo/Wilfredo Lee)

(AP) ? Through heartbreaking losses and hair-raising victories, through Game 7s of the NBA Finals and Game 46s of the regular season, through contract extension after contract extension, what has defined these San Antonio Spurs more than anything else is the simple fact that they stick together.

Manu Ginobili, Tony Parker, Tim Duncan and Gregg Popovich have been the heart, the soul, the backbone and the brains of this operation for more than a decade. Through an unprecedented era of change and volatility, these Spurs have stayed in San Antonio, stayed together.

Coming off the most gut-wrenching defeat they have ever suffered, that unity, that togetherness, that unparalleled bond is more important now than it ever has been.

A group that thought it had seen everything the NBA could throw at it was shaken to the core when it experienced something totally new ? when the Spurs gave away a five-point lead with 21 seconds to play in Game 6 against the Miami Heat and missed the chance to secure the franchise's fifth championship.

"We've never been through a situation like this," Ginobili said on Wednesday. "In 10-plus years we've been through basically everything. But I was trying to think. Not like this. So hopefully we are up to the challenge. We know that we can play better, and we have to."

Game 7 is Thursday night in Miami, only because the end of Game 6 went so horribly wrong for San Antonio.

The Spurs were up 13 points early in the fourth quarter and led 94-89 with 21 seconds to go. This team that had closed out so many of these games over the years with its cold-blooded precision was ready for perhaps its crowning achievement ? dethroning LeBron James and the defending champion Heat on their home floor, no less.

The NBA was raising the yellow ropes around the court, wheeling the Larry O'Brien trophy toward the mouth of the arena and preparing the postgame celebration that was moments away.

Then James hit a 3-pointer, Kawhi Leonard missed a free throw, and Ray Allen drilled another 3 to force overtime. The Heat held on to win it and force a Game 7, and a team that has always prided itself on not letting the emotions of the moment overwhelm them looked totally defeated, totally devastated.

"Still down," Ginobili said a day later. "After a blow like that, it's not easy to get back up.

"But after 12 hours now, I feel a little better knowing that we have another chance, that we can do so many things better. And that we are in a Game 7 of the NBA Finals. There's not much more than that. We are still in a great situation. We are where we wanted to be at the beginning of the season, still."

In an effort to keep the team together and not dwell on the opportunity that just slipped away, the Spurs went to dinner ? together, of course ? after Game 6 to share some stories and clear their heads.

"It helped," Duncan said. "It did. The other option is a bunch of us go back to our rooms and sit in our rooms and sit there by ourselves and beat yourself up. So it's always good to be around teammates and kind of get some stuff out in the open. We did exactly that.

"We'll be ready to rock."

This is not the first difficult defeat the Spurs have ever had. There was Derek Fisher's prayer of a shot with 0.4 seconds on the clock in Game 5 of the 2004 Western Conference semifinals. There was Ginobili's foul on Dirk Nowitzki late in Game 7 of the 2006 Western Conference semifinals that allowed the Mavericks to force overtime and eventually beat the Spurs. And there was a home loss against the Detroit Pistons in Game 6 of the 2005 NBA Finals that pushed the series to seven.

But the Spurs have never been this close to having their hands on the trophy and failed to close it out. These robotic Spurs finally let their guard down last night, showing the raw disappointment that comes with such a defeat. Ginobili, who turned the ball over eight times and couldn't convert a layup in the closing moments of overtime, took it particularly hard.

"A competitor feels it deeply, and really, really tough loss in that regard," Popovich said. "I expect Manu to feel like that after the game. But he'll be fine."

Ginobili will turn 36 in July and is in the final year of his contract. Duncan is 37 and Popovich is 64. Once again, everyone is wondering how much longer these Spurs can stick together.

Right now, the only thing that matters is that they can do it for one more game.

"We are close. We've been through a lot of stuff," Ginobili said. "Not like this, but we believe in the challenge. We think that it can make it even sweeter.

"And besides, there's no other option."

As Ginobili said after Game 6, there is no Game 8.

"I think everybody wants to be ready for (Thursday)," Parker said. "Because if you're not ready for tomorrow, you're going to regret it for the next 10, 15 years."

____

Follow Jon Krawczynski on Twitter: http://twitter.com/APKrawczynski

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2013-06-19-BKN-NBA-Finals-Spurs/id-82b59bd5d86149a8a7654db38d9ee915

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Wednesday, June 19, 2013

Carrie Bradshaw would be jealous! Man uses 8,000 Post-it notes to spring surprise wedding proposal on girlfriend

By Sadie Whitelocks

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If you were a Sex and the City fan, Carrie Bradshaw's worst break-up story - that she got dumped by Jack Berger via Post-It note - is certainly one that sticks.

But thankfully one man decided to use the paper slips for more romantic purposes - to spring a surprise proposal on his true love.

Brett Beutler from Littleton, Colorado, wrote 'I love you' on 8,000 three-by-three-inch squares of paper and used them to wallpaper his girlfriend, Megan Loosli's front room.

Going to extremes: Brett Beutler from Littleton, Colorado, proposed to his girlfriend, Megan Loosli using 8,000 Post-it notes - he had to work quickly while she was out at work

Going to extremes: Brett Beutler from Littleton, Colorado, proposed to his girlfriend, Megan Loosli using 8,000 Post-it notes - he had to work quickly while she was out at work

He then wrote 'will you marry me?' by pasting brightly-colored sticky notes over the top.

?

His father helped him with the DIY proposal project, which had to be done before Miss Loosli returned from work.

They used a chair so they could paper right up to the ceiling and took care to work around features such as door and window frames.

Time-consuming: Mr Beutler wrote 'I love you' on each paper square

Time-consuming: Mr Beutler wrote 'I love you' on each paper square

She said yes: The happy couple are now set to be married

She said yes: The happy couple are now set to be married

Thankfully the hard work paid off and Miss Loosli said 'yes'.

She changed her Facebook relationship status on June 5 to mark the occasion and friends and family quickly offered their congratulations.

Mr Beutler's grand gesture contrasts sharply with Jack Berger's in the hit TV show Sex and the City.

After telling Carrie Bradshaw that he 'loved' her, he left her during the night with a brief explanation scrawled on a Post-it note.

Look of devastation: If you were a Sex and the City fan, Carrie Bradshaw's worst break-up story - that she got dumped by Jack Berger via Post-It note - is certainly one that sticks

The memo, which he stuck to her computer screen, read: 'I'm sorry. I can't. Don't hate me.'

Mr Beutler is currently a pre-med student at Brigham Young University in Rexburg, Idaho, while Miss Loosli works a wireless consultant for the mobile giant, Verizon.

There is no word on when the couple's wedding will take place.

Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2344654/Carrie-Bradshaw-jealous-Man-uses-8-000-Post-notes-spring-surprise-wedding-proposal-girlfriend.html?ITO=1490&ns_mchannel=rss&ns_campaign=1490

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Sunday, June 2, 2013

Electrified Wolverine Claws Are Fabulously Ill-Advised

Electrified Wolverine Claws Are Fabulously Ill-Advised

I think it's safe to say that we all want Wolverine claws. Sure, working out some of the logistics would be tough at first, but come on. You would feel invincible! And you could open plastic packaging really easily. To this end, Master James made a set of great looking claws at a machine shop. But they weren't awesome enough. So he electrified them.

Inspired by "Thor's Hammer," a Hack A Day project, James hooked his claws to the transformer from a salvaged oil furnace and let the sparks fly. He notes that he has no sense of how high the voltage is, which just makes the whole thing stupid amazing. Safety and the internet have never really mixed and this makes it all worth it. [Hack A Day via Digg]

Source: http://gizmodo.com/electrified-wolverine-claws-are-fabulously-ill-advised-510911001

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